Brick kiln



5 Sheets-Sheet 1 H. WEBSTER BRICK KILN Filed April 21, 1920 April 22 1924.

IIIIDII'IWSy April 22 1924. 1,491,180

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H. WEBSTER BRICK KILN Filed April 21. 1920 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 H. WEBSTER Bfucx KILN Filed April 21. 1920 5 sheets-sheet 5 April 22 1924.

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HENRY WEBSTER, OF NEWPORT, KENTUCKY.

. BRICK KILN.

Application filed April 21, 1920. Serial No. 375,448.

To all whommay concern.'

Be it known that I, HENRY subject of the King of Great Britain, and a resident of Newport, Campbell County, State of Kentucky, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Brick Kilns, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the drawings, forming a part of this specification.

My invention relates to brick kilns, and more particularly to kilns having a number of chambers, wherein heating may be con trolled and applied in any of a series of kilns interconnected by passageways and under the control of valves and especially to combination continuous down draft and muiile kiln, driers and steam generators.

The features of such a kiln or kiln series are also described in my copending application, Serial No. 361,845, filed February 27, 1920, patented Dec. 14, 1920, 1,362,158, in relation to muflle kilns.

Among other objects of this invention are to provide an embodiment including the kiln series plan of my other application, and inthis connection, to employ movable grate bars which can be removably placed as desired, along they sides of any one kiln of a series, or as many kilns as desired.

In connection with firing a kiln chamber at the sidesthe gratebars are moved into place, and the space between the arch where the grates are inserted brickedup. When the firing is over, the bricks filling the doorways can be removed and the grates moved out of the way, whereupon the door way may `be employed for the removal of the kilned bricks, dried bricks, or any other purpose.

Any of ythe kiln chambers which are not in use may be employed for drying purposes the draft andifires being absolutely under :the control of the burner or ireman and generated steam may be used inheating the tank so that the goods may be dried both from preheated roof by steam or the live fires'drawn from the burning the underground ducts or both.

Another object is to provide a4 water heater in connection `with the ceiling of the kiln chambers, whereby the lifeof the ceilchambers in ing is` greatly., lengthened over thatwof a' brick ceiling, andy steam for engines or any other purposes generated;

These` objects and other advantages to be WEBSTER, a

noted, I accomplish by that certain construction and arrangement of parte to be hereinafter more speciiically pointed out and claimed.

In the drawings,

Figure 1 is a horizontal section through the conduits connected to my kiln device taken on the line 1-1 of Figure 2.

Figure 2 is a vertical cross section taken on the line 2 2 of Figure 1, showing the baflie in elevation, in which the scale is slightly smaller than that of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a like section to Figure 2 taken on the line 3-3 of Figure 1 and looking toward the partition wall.

Figure 4 is ay longitudinal horizontal section through a section of kiln chambers, partlyin elevation, takeny on the line 4-4 of Figure 3.

Figure 5 is a longitudinalvertical section taken on the line 5-5 of Figure 1.

Referring first to Figure 1 in particular for a ground plan of my kiln device, it 4will be noted that there is a central conduit .1, buried in the earth or not, as desired, which is common to all of the kiln chamber conduits and flues and serves as a stack connection with the stack 1a through a passage or tunnel 1b. Along-side of the conduit 1 are waste heat conduits or fines 2 and 3, for a set of kilns to the right and left of the main conduit. -The left set of kilns is all thathas been shown, as the right hand set is exactly the same.

At` what may be termed the forward end of each kiln chamber is erected a blank wall 4 which runsy down into the groundv suiiiblank walls are provided with valve passageways 5 which let into tunnels or conduits 5a that communicate with the foundation conduits to be next described.

Beneath the floor of each kiln chamber, the foundation is arranged into a series of conduits 6 into which the heated air and products of combustion enter from above and from which they issue to a transverse space 7, which lies in front of the blank wall ofthe next kiln chamber and has an outlet through the chamber wall by means of the valved door 'above noted. rlhis space '7 terminates in conduits 7a and Zbrunningfbeneath the walls of the kiln. The holes 6 lead through the kiln floor to the conduitsr 6. y

rlfhe -licor openings 6a through which the heat comes into the foundation passages or conduits are shown in full lines in Figure 1 and in solidly inked rectangles in Figure 1. Furthermore the transverse conduits 7a open through a valved door 9 into an external conduit 9a, which runs entirely around the kiln device and communicates with the central conduit or flue through valves, if desired. rlhe conduits 7b communicate to the waste heat conduits through valved passages 11.

As shown in Figure 2 the foundation passages beneath each chamber may be formed in the form of arched brick tunnels, and this form of brick tunnel is also used throughout in the various conduits.

Adjacent the inner terminal of'each conduit 7b, it is brought downwardly as at 12 (Figure 3) and thence communicates with the underside of the main conduit through a valved doorway 13.

As shown more clearly in Figure 2, the iioors 14 of the kiln chambers are built over the top of the foundation conduits and have the holes 6a into them. A heavier foundation 15 is provided for the side walls of the device, the solid line 15a on Figure 1 indicating the outside wall plan. The side walls are made up in a series of arches 16, there being preferably three arches for each chamH ber wall and one for the inter-chamber spaces. rlhe arches are left open and filled to the desired degree with bricks, so that when completed and ready for firing the sides of the chambers have arches 16, with outer walls 17, inner walls 18.

Normally the inner walls will be filled up to close all but ka small space 19 and the arched space between the two walls will be employed for a furnace to provide heat at the desired point.

Flach chamber has a ybaile wall `20 at its rear end and the floor is built up with interspaced ridges 21, on which to set the bricks or the like that are to be treated with heat. The heat passes over this baffle Wall and thence down into the space 7 The roof of each kiln is made up of an arched boiler or tank 22 of suitable metallic construction, which has a water inlet pipe .Ji-3, and a. steam outlet 24. The heat in any chamber will heat up water in the boilers and convert it into steam, which can be used for power or any `other purpose desired and the life of the roof so formed will be as great as that of any boiler or hot water tank as compared to the very short life of the usual brick kiln roof or arch.

As so constructed the operation of my device is as follows :-Tofire in any kiln chamber the. movable grate bars 25 Y are moved into the desired numbery of the side arches, and the outside walls of the arches built up with brick except for a suitable metallic or other form of fire feeding and ash removal fitting 26.

If but one chamber is used the valve 11 for its tunnel 7b is closed and the valve 9 for conduit 7 a is opened, thereby permitting the stack to draw the heat out through the kiln chamber.

Should it be desired to employ the heat generated in any one chamber for drying brick in any other chamber, or for some other purposes in connection with another chamber', the valve 5 for one chamber is closed, and for the next adjoining chamber, the valve 5 is opened. The valve 11 for the next chamber is then opened whereupon the stack will draw the heat from the first chamber under the preceding chamber and thence into the central flue.

A portion of flue wall under ioor between the chambers may be knocked out, L

as indicated in the parts 27, 27, Figure 1 and the heat will pass thence through the conduits and out through the intervening space between chambers, plates 8a being placed at the ioor level to direct the heat under the Hoor.

It is evident that by manipulating the valves 9, and 11, any desired connection may be made between a chamber being fired and any other chamber of the set, or that the heat from any chamber or set of cham bers may be drawn out through the waste heat fues to be used in connection with other portions of the brick factory for drying or any other purpose desired bymanipulation of the valves. For `:by-passing any chamber the outside tunnel or conduit 9n iyvill lbe employed and not the waste heat ue.

The absolute contro-l of the path of the draft may further be obtained by the erection of brick barriers at a` desired point, since the whole valved structure permits of many variations that will be obvious to those skilled in the art.

Should a muille `be employed as at 28, Figure 5, there will be chimneys 29 built through the muiiie to take the place of the openings 6a.

The. value of the roof forming boilers is evident since the generating of steam for power purposes will be an immense saving in fuel by doing away with boilers for this and other purposes.

The use of the doorways for firing the kiln chambers is believed to be an ventirely new departure in brick manufacture. The doorways provide means for stocking the chambers with articles to be treated, and removing them after the work has been completed. They permit in a multiple chamber kiln, of the provision of fire at the exact point desired and due to the multiplicity of points where each chamber may be fired, they `provide for a complete and uniform application of heat to a charge. By arches in the claims are meant any roofed-over port open 'for horizontal passage.

It is not desired because of the detailed description above to define my invention within the limits of the details so set forth, since the device illustrated and described is intended as merely an illustrative embodiment of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1 In a kiln, the combination of a firing chamber, means for firing said chambe-r along the sides thereof, a main flue, another chamber having a solid, permanent wall between it and the rst chamber, a space between the two chambers having a valved connection between it and the main fue, and direct communication with the one chamber, and valved connection with the other chamber, said other chamber having likewise a connection with the main flue.

2. In a kiln, the combination of a tiring chamber, means for firing said chamber along the sides thereof, a main flue, another chamber having a solid, permanent wall between it and the lirst chamber, a space between the two chambers having a valved connection between it and the main flue, and direct communication with the one chamber, and valved connectionk with the other chamber, said other chamber having likewise a connection with the main flue, and a third chamber having valved connections to the main iue and a common conduit for all three chambers, and constituting at least` a part of the means of communication between them.

In a kiln, the combination of a firing chamber, means for tiring said chamber along` Athe sides thereof, a main flue, another chamber having a solid, permanent wall between it and the first chamber, a space between the two chambers having a valved connection between it and the main iue, and direct communication with the one chamber, and valved connection with the other chamber, said other chamber having likewise a connection with the main iue, and a third chamber having valved connections to the main flue and a common conduit i for all three chambers, and constituting at least a part of the means of communication between them and an additional waste heat conduit having valved connection with one chamber at least, for the conduction of the desired portion of products of combustion to a desired point of utility.

4. In a kiln, a kiln chamber having side and end walls and a roo-f, said roof comprising'in part a water containing tank, formed in an arch shape and directly exposed to the inside of the chamber.

HENRY WEBSTER. 

